Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspec

Targeted drug delivery utilizing nanocontainers has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby delivering the payload directly to the site of

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed from metal ions and carboxylate chains, have emerged as a class of highly crystalline materials with tunable properties. Nickel, owing to its {redoxadaptability, has proven to be a popular element for MOF synthesis. This review comprehensively analyzes the recent advances in nickel-based MOF synthesis, e

Quantum dots, also known as semiconductor nanocrystals, are revolutionizing the display industry by enabling brighter, more vivid colors and enhanced energy efficiency. These tiny particles emit light when an electrical current is applied, with their unique quantum mechanical properties, they can produce a broader spectrum of colors than traditiona